Invasive Plant List

Midwest Invasive Plant List

Purple Loosestrife, Becca MacDonald, Sault College, Bugwood.org

Midwest Invasive Plant List

Purple Loosestrife, Becca MacDonald, Sault College, Bugwood.org

Over 450 plant species are considered to be invasive, noxious, or pests by one or more jurisdictions in the Midwestern U.S. The following regional list compiles all the plant species regulated through state law and/or listed as invasive by a state agency or invasive plant council in the 10 states and provinces that MIPN serves. If a plant is regulated by law, you will see a notation under the state abbreviation in blue text on the left side of the table. If the plant is listed as invasive, the notation will be below the state abbreviation in red text on the right side of the table.

Links to the appropriate state laws or agency/plant council webpages are provided in the index below. If you are aware of an updated list or amended law, please help us keep this list up to date by emailing MIPN’s Director at mipn@mortonarb.org.

The table below lists plants alphabetically by Latin name but is easily searchable by common or Latin name – just start typing in the search box! You can also sort the database by clicking the carrot next to each column header.

Last updated October 2025

Illinois

Aq = Aquatic Injurious Plant Species

N = Noxious Weed

E = Exotic Weed

Illinois List¹

1 = Severe Threat

2 = Significant Threat

3 = Lesser Threat

Indiana

Pn = Prohibited Noxious Weed

Rn = Restricted Noxious Weed

R = Restricted Plant

Pt = Prohibited Terrestrial Plant

PAq = Prohibited Aquatic Plant

Indiana List²

H = High Invasive Rank

M = Medium Invasive Rank

L = Low Invasive Rank

C = Caution Species

Iowa

Pr = Primary Noxious Weed

S = Secondary Noxious Weed

Aq = Prohibited Aquatic Plant

Iowa List³

A = General Invasive Plant List

Kentucky

Kentucky Law

Pn = Prohibited Noxious Weed Seed

Rn = Restricted Noxious Weed Seed

Kentucky List⁴

1 = Severe Invasive Threat

2 = Significant Invasive Threat

3 = Lesser Invasive Threat

Michigan

Michigan Law

Pn = Prohibited Noxious Weed Seed

Rn = Restricted Noxious Weed Seed

P = Prohibited Plant Species

R = Restricted Plant Species

L = Michigan List⁵

W = Watch List

Minnesota

MN Aquatic Plants

PAq = Prohibited Aquatic Plant

RAq = Restricted Aquatic Plant

MN Noxious Weeds

E = Noxious Weed, Eradicate List

C = Noxious Weed, Control List

R = Noxious Weed, restricted list

SR = Specially Regulated Plant

Minnesota List⁶

A = Established Population (2019)

B = Present but Not Established (2019)

C = Not Present, Potentially Invasive (2019)

U = Population Status Unknown

Missouri

Missouri Law

Noxious Weeds
- A = Noxious Weed
Invasive Plants
- R=Regulated Plant

Missouri List⁷

A = Population > 1,000 in 1 or more of MO’s natural divisions (2018)

B = Population 100 – 1,000 in 1 or more of MO’s natural divisions (2018)

C = Population 10 – 100 in 1 or more of MO’s natural divisions (2018)

D = Population <10 in 1 or more of MO’s natural divisions (2018)

I = Insufficient data

Ohio

Ohio Law

N = Noxious Weed

R = Restricted Invasive Plant

Ohio List⁸

Ontario

Ontario Law

N = Noxious Weed

P = Prohibited Invasive Plant

R = Restricted Invasive Plant

Ontario List⁹

1 = Top Priority

2 = Medium Priority

3 = Local Priority

4 = Species to Watch

Wisconsin

N = Noxious Weed

P = Prohibited

R = Restricted

A = Wisconsin List¹⁰

Common Name	Latin Name	IL	IN	IA	KY	MI	MN	MO	OH	ON	WI	IL	IN	IA	KY	MI	MN	MO	OH	ON	WI
velvetleaf	Abutilon theophrasti			S		Rn								A			A
Hedge maple	Acer campestre																		W
Amur maple	Acer ginnala, Acer tataricum ssp. ginnala						SR				R¹³	3					A	B,C	W	4
manitoba maple	Acer negundo¹¹																			2¹¹
Norway maple	Acer platanoides						SR					2	H				A	D	B	1	A
Sycamore maple	Acer pseudoplatanus																			3
Tatarian maple	Acer tataricum						SR
sneezewort	Achillea ptarmica																A
Japanese chaff flower	Achyranthes japonica		Pt								P	1	H			W	C	C	B	2
Mother-of-thyme	Acinos arvensis																			3
Russian knapweed, hardheads	Acroptilon repens / Centaurea repens / Centaurea picris/Rhaponticum repens			Pr		Pn			N		P						U
Jointed goatgrass	Aegilops cylindrica									N
Bishop's goutweed	Aegopodium podagraria										R						A		W	1
Horse chestnut	Aesculus hippocastanum																			3
Redtop	Agrostis gigantea																A
tree of heaven	Ailanthus altissima	E	Pt				E		R	R	R	1	H	A	1	L	B	B	A	1
Carpet bugle	Ajuga reptans																			3
Fiveleaf akebia or Chocolate vine	Akebia quinata										P				2		C			4
silk tree, mimosa	Albizia julibrissin												M		2		C	B,C
yellow witchweed	alectra vogelii																C
keeled garlic	Allium carinatum ssp. carinatum																			4
garlic mustard	Alliaria petiolata	E	Pt				R		R		R	1	H	A	1	L	A	B	A	1	A
wild onion	allium canadense					Rn
Wild onion/wild garlic	Allium spp.				R
wild garlic	Allium vineale					Rn						3					C			3
black alder	Alnus glutinosa		Pt				R				R¹³		H				A			1
EUROPEAN WHITE ALDER	ALNUS INCANA SSP. INCANA																			1
Smooth pigweed	amaranthus hybridus		N
carelessweed, Palmer amaranth	Amaranthus palmerii¹¹		N	Pr			E		N								A
Powell amaranth	amaranthus powellii		N
Redroot pigweed	Amaranthus retrogflexus		N
common waterhemp	amaranthus rudis		N
tall waterhemp	Amaranthus tuberculatus¹¹		N						N
common ragweed	Ambrosia artemisifolia¹¹	N								N
giant ragweed	Ambrosia trifida¹¹	N
porcelain berry	Ampelopsis brevipedunculata						R		R		P		C				B		B	4
heartleaf peppervine	Ampelopsis cordata																			4
common bugloss	anchusa arvensis																B
yellow woodland anemone	Anemone ranunculoides																			4
woodland angelica	Angelica sylvestris																			4
wild chervil	Anthriscus sylvestris									N	P, R¹²						A			3
Japanese angelica tree	Aralia elata																			4
Great burdock	Arctium lappa																A			3
common burdock	Arctium minus													A	2		A	B,C	B	3	A
thyme-leaf sandwort	arenaria serpyllifolia														3
biennial wormwood	artemesia biennis																A
Wormwood	Artemisia absinthium										R						A			3
mugwort	Artemisia vulgaris		Pt										H				A			3
small carpgrass	Arthraxon hispidus		Pt										H		2		C		B
giant reed	Arundo donax										P		C				C	C	W	4
Wild oat	Avena fatua					Rn
WATER FERNS	AZOLLA (GENUS)									R										1
mosquito fern	Azolla pinnata	Aq	PAq						R		P						C
yellow rocket	Barbarea vulgaris					Rn									3		A		B
forage kochia	Bassia prostrata								N
kochia	Bassia scoparia								N								A
Japanese barberry	Berberis thunbergii		Pt				R¹³				R¹³	3	H	A	2	L	A	C,D	A	2	A
common barberry	Berberis vulgaris						C		R	N	P		C				A			2
hoary alyssum	Berteroa incana					Rn											A
European birch	Betula pendula																			2
caucasian bluestem	Bothriochloa bladhii																C	B
yellow bluestem	Bothriochloa ischaemum																C
slender false brome	Brachypodium sylvaticum																			4
wild mustard	Brassica arvensis			S		Rn											A
Indian mustard	Brassica juncea					Rn
Black mustard	Brassica nigra					Rn
field brome	Bromus arvensis																A
smooth brome	Bromus inermis											1			2		A	A, B	A	3	A
Japanese brome	Bromus japonicus											3
bald brome	Bromus racemosus											3					C
rye brome	Bromus secalinus											3					A
Bromegrass	Bromus sterilis																	A,B
cheatgrass	Bromus tectorum											2		A			A	A			A
Butterflybush	Buddleja davidii																		B	4
hill mustard	Bunias orientalis										P, R¹²						C
flowering rush	Butomus umbellatus	Aq	PAq	Aq		R	PAq		R	R	R		H				A		A	1
fanwort	Cabomba caroliniana					P	RAq			R	P						C			1
European water-starwort, pond water-starwort	Callitriche stagnalis
hedge bindweed	Calystegia sepium					Pn			N
bristly bellflower	campanula cervicaria																A
creeping bellflower	Campanula rapunculoides										R						A			3	A
hemp/marijuana (sativa)	Cannibis sativa	N						A									A
Siberian peashrub	Caragana arborescens						R¹³				R¹³						A
russian peashrub	caragana frutex																B
hairy bittercress	Cardamine hirsuta																C
narrowleaf bittercress	Cardamine impatiens						C				P		M				A			3
balloonvine	Cardiospermum halicacabum				P
plumeless thistle	Carduus acanthoides		Pt			Pn	C				R		H				A
milk thistle	Carduus marianus/ silybum marianum																C
musk thistle	Carduus nutans	N	Pt			Pn		A	N		R	1	H	A	1		A	A,B
	Carduus spp.			Pr
European lake sedge	Carex acutiformis																			4
Asiatic sand sedge	Carex kobomugi															W	C
pendulous sedge	Carex pendula																			4
Spiked sedge	Carex spicata																			3
caraway	carum carvi																A
CHINESE CHESTNUT	CASTANEA MOLLISSIMA																	C
caulerpa or Mediterranean killer algae	Caulerpa taxifolia	Aq	PAq														C
Asian loeseneri bittersweet	Celastrus loeseneri										P						U
round leaf bittersweet	Celastrus orbiculatus	E	Pt				C		R		R	1	H	A	1	L	A	A,B	A	1	A
spotted knapweed	Centaurea biebersteinii, C. maculosa or C. stoebe		Pt			Pn	C	A	R	N	R	2	H	A	2	L	A		A	2	A
diffuse knapweed	Centaurea diffusa						E				P						B
brown knapweed	Centaurea jacea						E				R						A
knapweed	Centaurea L.													A
black knapweed	Centaurea nigra										R						U
alpine knapweed	Centaurea nigrescens										R						B
yellow star thistle	Centaurea solstitialis						E				P			A			C
meadow knapweed	Centaurea x moncktonii						C										A
Cephalaria transylvanica	Cephalaria transylvanica																	I
celandine	Chelidonium majus										R						A			3
common lambsquarters	Chenopodium album														3
Mexican tea	Dysphania ambrosioides														3
blue mustard	Chorispora tenella																B
chicory	Cichorium intybus											3			3		A
tall thistle	Cirsium altissimum			Pr
Canada thistle	Cirsium arvense	N	N	Pr	P	Pn	C	A	N	N	N, R	1	H	A	2		A	B	A	3	A
bull thistle	Cirsium lanceolatum			Pr						N
European marsh thistle	Cirsium palustre			Pr							P, R¹²						B
thistles	Cirsium spp.			Pr
bull thistle	Cirsium vulgare		Pt	Pr		Pn						3	H	A			A	B
sweet autumn virginsbower	Clematis terniflora											2	H				B	B	B
common dayflower	Commelina communis														3
poison hemlock	Conium maculatum	E	Pt, N	S			C		N	N	P, R¹²	2	H		1		A	A,B	A
lily of the valley	Convallaria majalis																A			2	A
field bindweed	Convolvulus arvensis		Pt	Pr		Pn		A	N		N		H		3		A	B	B	4	A
marestail	Conyza canadensis¹¹		N						N
Cornelian cherry	Cornus mas																			4
spring corydalis, spring fumewort	Corydalis solida																			3
Siberian corydalis	Corydalis nobilis																			4
hedge cotoneaster	cotoneaster lucidus																A
Australian swamp crop	Crassula helmsii						PAq				P						C
common hawthorn	Crataegus monogyna																			2
hawksbeard	Crepis tectorum																A				A
common crupina	Crupina vulgaris									N
dodder	Cuscuta spp.				R	Pn				N
cylindro	Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii					P
black swallow-wort	Cynanchum louiseae / Vincetoxium nigrum	E	Pt				E		R	R, N	P, R¹²		H			L	B		A	1
pale swallow-wort	Cynanchum rossicum / Vincetoxicum rossicum	E	Pt				E			R, N	P		H			L	C			1
Houndstongue	Cynoglossum officinale										R						A
yellow nutsedge	cyperus esculentus					Pn											A
purple nutsedge	Cyperus rotundus																B
Scotch broom	Cytisus scoparius										P						C
orchard grass	Dactylis glomerata																			3
jimsonweed	Datura stramonium					Rn
Wild carrot, Queen Anne's lace	Daucus carota			S		Rn	R					3	M	A	2		A			4	A
Deptford pink	Dianthus armeria														3
didymo, rock snot	Didymosphenia geminata															L	A
Grecian foxglove	Digitalis lanata Ehrh.						E				P						A
purple foxglove, garden foxglove	Digitalis purpurea																B
Chinese yam	Dioscorea oppositifolia		Pt								P	1	H		1	W	C	B,C,D	A
common teasel	Dipsacus fullonum / Dipsacus sylvestris		Pt				E	A	R		R	1, 2	H		2		A	A,B	A	3	A
cutleaf teasel	Dipsacus laciniatus	E	Pt				E	A	R		R	1	H				A	A,B	A		A
teasel	Dipsacus spp.	E		S										A
Indian strawberry	Duchesnea indica/ Potentilla indica														3		B
barnyard grass	Echinochloa crus-galli														3		A
globe thistle	echinops sphaerocephalus																C
common viper's bugloss, blueweed	Echium vulgare																	C
Brazilian waterweed	Egeria densa	Aq	PAq			P	RAq		R	P	P	3	H			W	B			1
anchored water hyacinth	Eichhornia azurea	Aq	PAq						R		P		H				C
Russian olive	Elaeagnus angustifolia	E							R		R	1	M	A			A	D	A	3	A
thorny olive	Elaeagnus pungens	E										1
autumn olive	Elaeagnus umbellata	E	Pt			R	R		R		R	1	H	A	1		A	A,B	A	1	A
goose grass	Eleusine indica														2
five-leaf aralia	Eleutherococcus sieboldianus																		W	4
quackgrass	Elytrigia repens/ Elymus repens/ Agropyron repens			Pr	P, R	Pn											A			3	A
hairy willow herb	Epilobium hirsutum								R		P, R¹²						C		A
helleborine orchid	Epipactis helleborine										R						B				A
lovegrass, stinkgrass	Eragrostis cilianensis														3
weeping lovegrass	Eragrostis curvula																	I
winter aconite	Eranthis hyemalis																			3
WOOLLY CUPGRASS	ERIOCHLOA VILLOSA									N
burning bush	Euonymus alatus						R	R^18,19			R¹³	1, 2	H	A	1		A	B	A	1
European spindletree	Euonymus europaeus																			1
wintercreeper	Euonymus fortunei		Pt					R^16,19				1, 2	H		1		C	A,B,C	A	2
Cypress spurge	Euphorbia cyparissias									N	R						A				A
leafy spurge	Euphorbia esula	E	Pt	Pr		Pn	C		N	N	N,R	1	H	A			A			3	A
red fescue	Festuca rubra ssp. rubra																			3
hard fescue, sheep fescue	Festuca trachyphylla																			3
queen of the meadow	Filipendula ulmaria										R						A
glossy buckthorn	Frangula alnus / Rhamnus frangula	E	Pt				R		R		R¹³	1	H			L	A		A	1	A
European ash	Fraxinux excelsior																			4
snowdrop	Galanthus nivalis																			3
goatsrue	Galega officinalis												M				C
hemp nettle	Galeopsis tetrahit										R						A
white bedstraw	Galium mollugo									N	R						A			3
sweet woodruff	Galium odoratum																B			4
cleavers	galium pedemontanum														3
yellow bedstraw	Galium verum																B			3
herb Robert	Germanium robertianum																			3¹¹
herb Bennett, urban avens	Geum urbanum																			3
Creeping Charlie, ground ivy	Glechoma hederacea											3	M		2		A	A			A
mudmat	Glossostigma cleistanthum										P						C
tall or reed mannagrass	Glyceria maxima										P, R¹²						A			2
showy baby's breath	gypsophila elegans																B
common baby’s breath	Gypsophila paniculata																A			4
garden baby's breath	Gypsophila scorzonerifolia
English ivy	Hedera helix											1	M		2		C	B,C	W	2
wild sunflower	Helianthus annus¹¹			S
orange day-lily, tawny day-lily	Hemerocallis fulva											3			3		A	A,B	B	3	A
giant hogweed	Heracleum mantegazzianum	E				P	E		N, R	N	P		M	A			C	C	B	1
dame's rocket	Hesperis matronalis		Pt						R		R	1, 2	H	A			A	B	A	3	A
orange hawkweed	Hieracium aurantiacum																A			3	A
yellow hawkweed	Hieracium caespitosum																B			3	A
mouseear hawkweed	hieracium pilosella																B
kingdevil hawkweed	Hieracium piloselloides																A
common hawkweed	Hieracium lachenalii/hieracium vulgatum																B			3
pale hawkweed, yellowdevil hawkweed	Hieracium x floribundum																B
sea buckthorn	Hippophae rhamnoides																			4
velvet grass	Holcus lanatus														3
Japanese hops	Humulus japonicus		Pt				E				P, R¹²		H				A	A,B		4
hydrilla	Hydrilla verticillata	Aq	PAq			P	PAq		R	P	P		H			W	C			1
European frogbit	Hydrocharis morsus-ranae	Aq	PAq			P	PAq		R	R	P		H			W	C			1
floating marsh pennywort	Hydrocotyle ranunculoides										P
Indian swampweed, miramar weed	Hygrophilia polysperma	Aq	PAq				PAq		R		P		H				C
St. John's wort	Hypericum perforatum											3	L		3		A	B			A
balfour's touch-me-not	Impatiens balfourii										R						B
Himalayan balsam	Impatiens glandulifera										P					W	B			1
Small-flowered jewelweed	Impatiens parviflora																			4
cogongrass	Imperata cylindrica																C
British yellowhead	Inula britannica																B
elecampane	Inula helenium																A
Chinese water spinach	Ipomoea aquatica	Aq	PAq				RAq				P		H				C
ivyleaf morning glory	Ipomoea hederacea														2
purple morning glory, tall morning glory	Ipomoea purpurea														2		B
morning glory	Ipomoea spp.					Pn													A
tricolor morning glory	ipomoea tricolor																B
PURPLE moonflower	ipomoea turbinata				P
Blackberry Lily	Iris domestica																B	B
yellow iris	Iris pseudacorus	Aq	PAq				RAq		R		R		H				A			2	A
Dyer's woad	Isatis tinctoria																			4
field scabiosa	Knautia arvensis										R						B
golden rain tree	Koelreuteria paniculata																C	C	W
HIMALAYAN KNOTWEED	KOENIGIA POLYSTACHYA									R										1
Korean clover	Kummerowia stipulacea											3	H		2		C	A
Japanese clover	Kummerowia striata											3	H		2		C	A
willowleaf lettuce	Lactuca saligna														3
oxygen−weed, African elodea or African waterweed	Lagarosiphon major	Aq	PAq			P	PAq		R	P	P						C			1
henbit	Lamium amplexicaule														3
yellow archangel	Lamium galeobdolon																			4
spotted dead-nettle	Lamium maculatum																			3
dotted duckweed	Landoltia punctata																C
everlasting pea	Lathyrus latifolius																B
motherwort	Leonurus cardiaca														3		A				A
hairy whitetop	Lepidium appelianum								N
hoary cress, perennial peppergrass	Lepidium draba / Cardaria draba			Pr		Pn			N								B
pepperweed	Lepidium latifolium		Pt								P		H				C
bicolor lespedeza	Lespedeza bicolor											3	M		2		C
sericea lespedeza	Lespedeza cuneata	E	Pt					R¹⁶			P	3	H	A	1		C	A
bush clover, Thunberg lespedeza	Lespedeza thunbergii														3			D
giant daisy, autumn ox-eye daisy	leucanthemella serotina																A
portuguese daisy	leucanthemum lacustre																C
oxeye daisy	Leucanthemum vulgare / Chrysanthemum leucanthemum				R							3			2		A			4
lyme grass or sand ryegrass	Leymus arenarius or Elymus arenarius										P, R¹²		C				A
floating primrose-willow	Ludwigia peploides									R
Amur privet	Ligustrum amurense												C	A			C
Japanese privet	Ligustrum japonica													A			C
blunt leaved privet, border privet	Ligustrum obtusifolium		Pt									1	H	A			C	B	W	2
California privet	Ligustrum ovalifolium												C	A			C
Chinese privet	Ligustrum sinense												C	A	1		C			2
common privet	Ligustrum vulgare								R			3	C	A	1		C		B	2
American frogbit/Sponge plant	Limnobium spongia¹¹
Asian marshweed	Limnophila sessiliflora	Aq	PAq						R		P		H
Dalmation toadflax	Linaria dalmatica						E				P, R¹²						A
butter and eggs, common toadflax	Linaria vulgaris																A
big blue lilyturf	Liriope muscari																		W
corn-gromwell	lithospermum arvense														3
italian rye, annual ryegrass	Lolium multiflorum														3
fragrant honeysuckle	Lonicera fragrantissima	E												A			C	A,B,C
Japanese honeysuckle	Lonicera japonica	E	Pt				E	R¹⁶	R		P	1	H		1		C	A,B	A	1
Amur honeysuckle	Lonicera maackii	E	Pt				R		R		P, R¹²	1	H	A	1		B	A,B	A	1	A
Morrow's honeysuckle	Lonicera morrowii	E	Pt				R		R		R	1	H	A	1		A		A	1	A
Manchurian honeysuckle	Lonicera ruprechtiana											1					C
trumpet honeysuckle	Lonicera sempervirens¹¹											1
Standish’s honeysuckle	Lonicera standishii											1		A			C
Tatarian honeysuckle	Lonicera tatarica	E	Pt				R		R		R	1	H	A	1		A		A	1	A
Showy fly honeysuckle, Bell's honeysuckle	Lonicera x bella		Pt				R				R	1	H	A			A				A
goldflame honeysuckle	Lonicera x heckrottii											1					C
honeysuckle	Lonicera x minutiflora											1					C
common fly honeysuckle	Lonicera X muendeniensis											1
honeysuckle	Lonicera X muscaviensis											1
honeysuckle	Lonicera x notha											1
fly honeysuckle	Lonicera x xylosteoides											1
European fly honeysuckle, dwarf honeysuckle	Lonicera xylosteum											1		A			B			3
bird's-foot trefoil	Lotus corniculatus																A	A,B,C			A
water primrose	Ludwigia grandiflora															W				1
big-leaf lupine	Lupinus polyphyllus¹¹																A			3
bugleweed	Lycopus europaeus																			3
moneywort	Lysimachia nummularia										R	2	H				A	B		3	A
golden loosestrife	Lysimachia vulgaris										R						B
purple loosestrife	Lythrum salicaria	E	Pt, Paq	Aq		R	PAq, C	A	N, R		R	1	H	A	1		A	A,B	A	2	A
purple loosestrife	Lythrum spp.
wanded loosestrife	Lythrum virgatum			Aq			Paq		R		P
osage-orange	Maclura pomifera											3					C
Kobus magnolia	Magnolia kobus																			4
European water-clover	Marsilea quadrifolia								R							W	C
black medic	Medicago lupulina														3		A
white sweet clover	Melilotus alba											1	M		1		A	A,B	A	1	A
yellow sweet clover	Melilotus officinalis											1	M		1		A	A,B	A	3	A
lemon balm	Melissa officinalis ssp. officinalis																			4
spearmint	Mentha spicata											3					B
peppermint	Mentha x piperita											3			2		B
Japanese stiltgrass	Microstegium vimineum	E	Pt				E		R		P	1	H		1	W	C	B,C	A	1
Amur silver grass	Miscanthus sacchariflorus						R										A			2
Chinese maiden grass, Chinese silvergrass	Miscanthus sinensis											2	H		1		B	C	A	2
giant miscanthus	Miscanthus x gigantea												C				B
monochoria, arrowleaf, or false pickerelweed	Monochoria hastata	Aq	PAq						R								C
heartshape or false pickerelweed	Monochoria vaginalis	Aq	PAq						R								C
white mulberry	Morus alba		Pt						R		R¹³	1	H	A	2		A	B	B	1	A
miniature beefsteak	mosla dianthera														2
wall lettuce	Mycelis muralis																			4
field forget-me-not	myosotis arvensis																B
forget me not	Myosotis scorpioides										R						A			3	A
woodland forget-me-not	Myosotis sylvatica										R						A
parrot feather	Myriophyllum aquaticum	Aq	PAq			P	RAq		R	P	P		H			W	B			1
variable-leaf watermilfoil	Myriophyllum heterophyllum
Eurasian watermilfoil	Myriophyllum spicatum	Aq	PAq	Aq		R	PAq		R	R	R	1	H				A		A	1	A
spiny naiad	Najas marina										R
brittle naiad	Najas minor	Aq	PAq	Aq			PAq		R		P	3	H				A		B
heavenly bamboo	Nandina domestica																C	C
serrated tussock	Nasella trichotoma					Pn			N	N
watercress	Nasturtium officinale / Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum											2			2		A
sacred lotus	Nelumbo nucifera										P						C
catnip	Nepeta cataria														3
Apple of Peru	Nicandra physalodes								N								B
starry stonewort	Nitellopsis obtusa		PAq			P	PAq				P						A			2
nonnative waterlilies	Nymphaea spp.						RAq										B
yellow floating hearts	Nymphoides peltata	Aq	PAq			P	PAq		R	R	P		H			W	C			1
java waterdropwort	Oenanthe javanica										P						C			3
Scotch thistle	Onopordum acanthium							A									B
wavy leaf basket grass	Oplismenus hirtellus ssp. undulatifolius										P
star-of-Bethlehem	Ornithogalum umbellatum											3			2		B	B	W
duck lettuce	Ottelia alismoides	Aq	PAq						R		P		H
yellow wood sorrel	oxalis stricta														3
Japanese spurge	Pachysandra terminalis																			4
butterweed, cressleaf groundsel	Packera glabella / Senecio glabellus¹¹								N								C
wild parsnip	Pastinaca sativa						C¹³		N	N	R	2	H	A		L	A	A,B,C	A	1	A
princess tree	Paulownia tomentosa								R		P		M		1		B	C	B
perilla mint	Perilla frutescens							R¹⁶					M					B
butterfly dock, pestilence wort	Petasites hybridus										P						B
Japanese butterbur	Petasites japonica																			3
reed canary grass	Phalaris arundinacea		Pt, PAq						R			1	H	A			A	A,B	A	1	A
variegated ribbon grass	Phalaris arundinacea var. picta										R¹³						B
canarygrass	Phalaris canariensis																B
Amur cork tree	Phellodendron amurense	E	Pt				SR¹³				P¹³		H				A	C	A	3
timothy	Phleum pratense																A
common reed	Phragmites australis ssp australis		Pt, PAq			R	Paq, C		R	R	P, R¹²	1	H		1		A	B,C	A	1	A
yellow groove bamboo	Phyllostachys aureasculata								N¹⁴
Burnet saxifrage	Pimpinella saxifraga										R						A
Austrian pine	Pinus nigra																B
scotch pine	Pinus sylvestris																A			3	A
water lettuce	Pistia stratiotes								R		P					W	B			4
buckthorn plantain	Plantago lanceolata			S	R	Rn											A
broadleaf plantain	Plantago major																		W
annual bluegrass	Poa annua				R										3
Canada bluegrass	Poa compressa														3		A			4	A
wood blue grass	Poa nemoralis																			3
Kentucky bluegrass	Poa pratensis											1			2		A			3	A
Oriental lady’s thumb	Polygonum caespitosum/Polygonum posumbu														2		B
black bindweed, wild buckwheat	Fallopia convolvulus/ polygonum convolvulus																A
mile−a−minute vine	Polygonum perfoliatum/Persicaria perfoliata		Pt						N, R		P		H			W	C		B	4
Lady's thumb	polygonum persicaria														2
Virginia smartweed	polygonum virginianum																			3¹¹
common water hyacinth	Pontederia crassipes						RAq				P					W	B			4
white poplar	Populus alba										R	3			2		B			3	A
Lombardy poplar	Populus nigra var. italica																B
curly-leaved pondweed	Potamogeton crispus	Aq	PAq	Aq		R	PAq		R		R	2	H				A	B	A	1	A
silver cinquefoil	potentilla argentea																A
sulfur cinquefoil	Potentilla recta														3		A
bird cherry, sweet cherry	Prunus avium																			4
Nanking cherry	Prunus tomentosa																			4
Golden algae	prymnesium parvum																C
kudzu	Pueraria montana var. lobata	E, N	Pt					A	N, R	N	P	1	H	A	1	W	C	B,C	A	1
callery pear	Pyrus calleryana	E¹⁷					SR	R¹⁸	R			1	H		1		B	A,B	A	3
Pear	pyrus spp.																B
sawtooth oak	Quercus acutissima										P		C				C
tall buttercup	Ranunculus acris																A
bulbous buttercup	Ranunculus bulbosus														3
lesser celandine	Ficaria verna/Ranunculus ficaria	E					R		R		P		H				B		A	1
creeping buttercup	Ranunculus repens																			3
wild radish	Raphanus raphanistrum					Rn
Japanese knotweed	Reynoutria japonica/ Polygonum cuspidatum/ Fallopia japonica	E	Pt			P	C		N, R	R	R	1	H	A	1		A	B,C	A	1	A
giant knotweed	Reynoutria sachalinensis/ Polygonum sachalinense/ Fallopia schalinensis	E	Pt				C			R	P		H			L	B		A	1
Bohemian knotweed	Reynoutria x bohemica/ Polygonum x bohemicum/ Fallopia x bohemica	E	Pt				C			R	P		H				A		A	1
sharp-tooth buckthorn	Rhamnus arguta	E															C
common buckthorn	Rhamnus cathartica	E	Pt				R		R	N	R	1	H	A		L	A	C	A	1	A
Dahurian buckthorn	Rhamnus davurica	E										1					B
Japanese buckthorn	Rhamnus japonica	E										1					C
buckthorn	Rhamnus spp. (excluding Frangula alnus)			Pr
Chinese buckthorn	Rhamnus utilis	E										1					C
jetbead	Rhodotypos scandens											3	M				C			3
red currant	Ribes rubrum																			3
Bristly locust	Robinia hispida¹¹										R¹³						B			3
black locust	Robinia pseudoacacia¹¹						R				R¹³	1				L	A			3	A
clammy locust	robinia viscosa																C
marsh cress	Rorippa amphibia																			3
creeping yellow cress	Rorippa sylvestris																			4
dog rose	Rosa canina																B		B
multiflora rose	Rosa multiflora	E	Pt	S^12,13			R	A	R		R	1	H	A	1	L	A	A	A	2	A
rugosa rose	Rosa rugosa																B
Himalayan blackberry	Rubus armeniacus										P						C	B		1
small leaf bramble	rubus parvifolius																B
wineberry, wine raspberry	Rubus phoenicolasius										P		C				C		B	1
sheep sorrel, red sorrel	Rumex acetosella			S	R										3		A				A
smooth dock	Rumex altissimus			S
sour dock	Rumex crispus			S		Rn											A
ravennagrass	Saccharum ravennae / Tripidium ravennae												M						B
arrowhead	Sagittaria sagittifolia	Aq	PAq						R		P						C
white willow	Salix alba																B			3
crack willow	Salix fragilis								R								B			3
purple willow	Salix purpurea																			3
HYBRID WILLOW	SALIX X RUBENS																B			3
Russian thistle	salsola kali																C
Russian thistle	Salsola Kali var. enuifolia								N
prickly russian thistle	salsola tragus																A
WATERMOSS	SALVINIA (GENUS)									P										1
giant salvinia species	Salvinia auriculata, S. biloba, S. herzogii	Aq	PAq			P					P						C
common salvinia	Salvinia minima								R
aquarium watermoss or giant salvinia	Salvinia molesta	Aq	PAq			P	PAq		R		P						C
bouncing bet, soapwort	Saponaria officinalis												M				A		A		A
tall fescue	Schenodorus arundinacea / Festuca arundinacea											2	M		1		A	A,B		2	A
meadow fescue	Schenodorus pratensis / Festuca pratensis											2					A			2
scilla, squill	Scilla siberica																			1
crownvetch	Securigera varia / Coronilla varia		Pt				R				R	1, 2	H	A	1		A	A,B		2	A
mossy stonecrop	Sedum acre																			3
CRESSLEAF GROUNDSEL	SENECIO GLABELLUS								P
TANSY RAGWORT	SENECIO JACOBAEA/jacobaea vulgaris									N
coffeeweed	Sesbania herbacea
giant foxtail	Setaria faberii				R	Rn						3			2		A			3
foxtail millet	Setaria italica											3					A
bristly foxtail	Setaria verticillata											3					A
green foxtail	Setaria viridis											3			2
bur cucumber	Sicyos angulatus¹¹		N
white campion	Silene latifolia																A
bladder campion	Silene vulgaris																A
horsenettle	Solanum carolinense			Pr		Pn											A
climbing nightshade, bittersweet nightshade	Solanum dulcamara					Rn						2			3		A			3	A
silver leaf nightshade	Solanum eleagnifolium					Rn
black nightshade	Solanum nigrum					Rn
eastern black nightshade	solanum ptycanthum					Rn
hairy nightshade	solanum sarrachoides					Rn
seaside goldenrod	Solidago sempervirens¹¹										P, R¹²						C
perennial sow thistle	Sonchus arvensis	N		Pr		Pn			N								A
annual sowthistle	Sonchus oleraceus									N
false spiraea	Sorbaria sorbifolia																A			3
European mountain-ash	Sorbus aucuparia						SR¹⁵										A			3
shatter cane	Sorghum bicolor		N	S¹²					N								B
Johnson grass	Sorghum halepense	N	N		P	Pn	E	A	N		P	1	H		1		C	A,B
sorghum almum	Sorghum x almum	N	N			Pn			N								C
Exotic bur-reed	Sparganium erectum	Aq	PAq						R								C
Brown alga	sphacelaria fluviatilis																C
Japanese meadowsweet	Spiraea japonica												M		2		B		B
common chickweed	Stellaria media														1		A
water aloes or water soldiers	Stratiotes aloides	Aq	PAq			P	PAq		R	P	P					W	C			1
comfrey	Symphytum officinale																			2
common lilac	Syringa vulgaris																			3
Japanese tree lilac	Syringa reticulata																			3
medusahead	Taeniatherum caput-medusae										P						C
saltcedar	Tamarix ramosissima						R
salt cedar	Tamarix spp.	E		Aq										A			B
common tansy	Tanacetum vulgare						C				R¹³						A			3	A
dandelion	Taraxacum officinale																A		W
red hailstone, golden creeper	thladiantha dubia						E
field cress	thlaspi perfoliatum														3
European linden	Tillia cordata																			3
Spreading hedgeparsley	Torilis arvensis										P	3	H				C			2
Japanese hedgeparsley or erect hedgeparsley	Torilis japonica										P, R¹²		H				A			2
poison ivy	Toxicodendron radicans / Rhus toxicodendron¹¹						SR			N
western salsify	Tragopogon dubius											3					A
meadow salsify	Tragopogon pratensis																A
water chestnut	Trapa natans	Aq	PAq			P	PAq		R	P	P		H			W	C			1
puncturevine	Tribulus terrestris			S		Pn						3					B
alsike clover	Trifolium hybridum																A
red clover	Trifolium pratense																A				A
white clover	Trifolium repens																A				A
wild tulip	Tulipa sylvestris																			4
colt's foot	Tussilago farfara									N	P						B			2
narrow-leaved cattail	Typha angustifolia¹¹		PAq						R		R		H				A		A	2	A
southern cattail	Typha domingensis¹¹										P						C
graceful cattail	Typha laxmannii										P						C
hybrid cattail	Typha x glauca								R		R		C				A		A	2	A
Scotch elm	Ulmus glabra																			3
Chinese elm	Ulmus parvifolia													A			C	C
Siberian elm	Ulmus pumila								R		R¹³	1	M	A			A	A,B	A	3	A
garden heliotrope	Valeriana officinalis										R						A
common mullein	Verbascum thapsus											2					A
European brooklime	Veronica beccabunga var. beccabunga																C
wayfaring tree	Viburnum lantana																B			3
European cranberry-bush	Viburnum opulus var. opulus												H				A			2
bird vetch	Vicia cracca												M				A
common vetch	Vicia sativa											3					A
slender vetch, sparrow vetch	Vicia tetrasperma
hairy vetch, cow vetch	Vicia villosa																A	B
large-leaved periwinkle	Vinca major												C				C
periwinkle	Vinca minor												M		2			C,D	B	3	A
sweet violet	Viola odorata																			3
grapevines	Vitis sp.								N¹⁴
Japanese wisteria	Wisteria floribunda										P	3					C
Chinese wisteria	Wisteria sinensis										P	3	M				C
cocklebur	Xanthium commune			S		Rn

¹ Illinois list developed in 2004, modified in 2011 via IL DNR contractor (informal assessment)
² Indiana list is based on assessments by the Indiana Invasive Species Council’s Plant Advisory Committee
³Iowa list developed by Iowa DNR and USDA Forest Service
⁴Kentucky list developed by Kentucky Invasive Plant Council in 2015
⁵ Michigan list developed by the Michigan Invasive Species Program (EGLE, DNR, & MDARD)
⁶ Minnesota list derived from presence/absence data published by the Minnesota Invasive Species Advisory Council in 2019 – full MISAC analysis considers several other factors
⁷ Missouri list derived from distribution and population data published by the Missouri Invasive Plant Council in 2019 – an assessment update in is progress
⁸ Ohio list from the Ohio Invasive Plants Council’s plant assessments
⁹Invasive Exotic Plant Species Ranking for Southern Ontario, Society of Ecological Restoration, 2025
¹⁰ Invasive Plants Association of Wisconsin’s Working List of Invasive Plants, originally published in 2003
¹¹ Species is native to North America (though not necessarily the Midwest – see www.bonap.net for nativity info)
¹²Regulatory status varies by county – see regulations for details
¹³Certain cultivated varieties or hybrids excluded – see regulations for details
¹⁴Certain uses or growing conditions excluded – see regulations for details
¹⁵In a phase out period, restricted noxious weed status goes into effect January 1, 2029
¹⁶Restrictions go into effect January 1, 2027
¹⁷Restrictions go into effect January 1, 2028
¹⁸Restrictions go into effect January 1, 2029
¹⁹Only applies to specific cultivars- see regulations for details